VetBact

Phylum	Class	Order	Family	Genus	Species/Subspecies

Species/Subspecies:

Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides

Category:

Notifiable diseases and bacteria

Etymology:

Genus name: fungus shaped.
Species epithet: similar to fungi.
Subspecies epithet: see Species epithet.

Significance:

CBPP utrotades i de flesta europeiska länder runt år 1900, men sporadiska urbrott har förekommit i framför allt Italien, Portugal och Spanien. Det sista utbrottet rapporterades 1999 från Portugal. Sjukdomen medför idag mycket stora ekonomiska och sociala problem i Afrika.
[Important]

Taxonomy:

Phylum
Mycoplasmatota

Class
Mollicutes

Order
Mycoplasmatales

Family
Mycoplasmataceae

Genus
Mycoplasma

Type Strain:

PG1 = NCTC 10114.

Macromorphology (smell):

Forms small and very typical umbonated colonies ("fried egg appearance"), which can be observed in a microscope.

Micromorphology:

Very small and pleomorphic. Nonmotile.

Gram +/Gram -:

G-, but is normally not gram stained because the cells will then be fragmented.

Metabolism:

Facultatively anaerobic

Catalase/Oxidase:

Spec. Char.:

Lacks a cell wall.

Special Media:

Disease:

Hosts	Disease	Clinical picture
Cattle, water buffalo and yak	Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP)	Fever, passivity, decreased milk production, rumination ceases, cough, difficulty in breathing, mucopurulent nasal flow, nasal congestion, curved back and weight loss. If the animal appears to become healthy, well-defined necrotic areas (so-called sequesters) can form in the lungs. These sequesters may contain live bacteria, which can spread to other animals if the general condition of the host animal deteriorates.

Virulence Factors:

Adhesion proteins, which make it possible for these bacteria to adhere to the host cell and the enzyme L-alpha-glycerophosphate oxidase, which makes it possible for these bacteria to transfer hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) into the host cell. The host cells will then die. Thus, in the presence of oxygen, hydrogen peroxide is formed when the enzyme converts glycerol-3-phosphate to glycerone phosphate.

Genome Sequence:

Acc-no	Strain	Size (bp)	Genome	Ref.
NC_005364	PG1^T	1 211 703	1c + 0	Nr 85

16S rRNA Seq.:

Acc-no	Strain	Number of NT	Operon	Sequence similarity	Ref.
U26039	PG1^T	1 523	2	99,3%	Nr 86

Taxonomy/phylogeny:

Seven species have been described within the revised genus Mycoplasma to which Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides belongs. Two of these species are divided into four subspecies. These species and subspecies belong to the so-called the mycoides group and they are closely related to mollicutes within the genus Spiroplasma. This genus contains many plant pathogens. See the phylogenetic tree (Fig. 38:2). Note that it is only for the mollicutes of the mycoides group that the letter M stands for Mycoplasma. For the other species, M means: Mesomycoplasma, Metamycoplasma, Mycoplasmoides or Mycoplasmopsis.

Legislation:

CCPP is included in OIE's A-list of major animal diseases. The disease is in Sweden notifyable to the Swedish Board of Agriculture.

Comment:

Based on whole genome sequencing, the taxonomy of mycoplasmas has recently undergone a comprehensive revision. The new taxonomy has now been introduced in VetBact. For some mollicutes (mycoplasmas), however, the names have not changed and this applies to members of the mycoides group. Read more about the revised taxonomy of the mollicutes under the Term list of VetBact and see also reference 164 below.

Reference(s):

No. 164, 167

Link:

Epiwebb - om epizootisjukdomar [in Swedish]

Updated:

2023-03-15

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