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Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences

Veterinary bacteriology: information about important bacteria
Veterinary bacteriology


Species/Subspecies: Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
Category: Causes hemolysis
Etymology: Genus name: ray rod.
Species epithet: from pleuropneumonia (lung sac).
Significance:During the 1990th the desease has decreased in Sweden, but during the latest years, the disease has increased again. Acute cases are often fatal.
  [Very important]   
Alternative Species Name(s):Haemophilus parahaemolyticus, Haemophilus pleuropneumoniae
Taxonomy:
Phylum
Pseudomonadota
Class
Gammaproteobacteria
Order
Pasteurellales
Family
Pasteurellaceae 
Genus
Actinobacillus
Type Strain: Shope 4074 = ATCC 27088 = CCUG 12837, 41656 och NCTC 12370.
Macromorphology (smell):
 
Grayish white colonies on chocolate agar, about 3 mm in diameter, most strains produce a thin zone of hemolysis on blood agar
Micromorphology: Small (0.3-0.5 x 0.6-1.4 µm) nonmotile coccoid or rod shaped cells, appears alone, in pairs or as short chains
Gram +/Gram -:
 
G-
Metabolism: Facultatively anaerobic
Catalase/Oxidase:V/V
Other Enzymes: Esculinase -, ornithine decarboxylase -, tryptophanase -, urease +
Biochemical Tests: Hydrogen sulfide +
Fermentation of carbohydrates:
D-glucose
+
lactose
v
maltose
+
L-rhamnose
-
sucrose
+
L-arabinose
-
cellobiose
-
D-mannitol
+
salicin
-
trehalose
-
glycerol
-
inulin
-
raffinose
-
D-sorbitol
-
starch
?
Other carbohydrates: Dulcitol -, D-fructose +, D-galactose +, inositol -, D-mannose +, melibiose -.
Microbiological tests:

    
    
X- and V-factor tests can be used to differentiate biotype I from biotyep II of A. pleuropneumoniae.
Spec. Char.: Most strains of A. pleuropneumoniae, biotype I require V-factor (NAD or NADPH) for growth, while strains of biotype II does not require this factor.
Disease:
HostsDiseaseClinical picture
PigsPleuropneumonia (inflammation of the pleura and lungs)Coughing and expiratory dyspnea and a wide spectra of signs from sudden death to chronic pneumonia. In acute stage the pigs stops eating, had high fever (>40*C) and forced breathing. At autopsy hemorrhagic necrotizing pneumonia and fibrinous pleuritis especially caudal lunglobe. Transmission by direct contact or aerosol. Pigs <6 months most affected. Chronic infected animals can carry the bacteria in the tonsils and infect piglets.
Genome Sequence:
Acc-noStrainSize (bp)Genome
NC_009053 L20 2 274 482 1c + 0 
Totalt har 12 stammar sekvenserats med 0-3 plasmider.

16S rRNA Seq.:
Acc-noStrainNumber of NTOperon
AF224283 MCCM 00189 1533 

Taxonomy/phylogeny:
 
About 18 species have been described within genus Actinobacillus, but the relationship between members within the closely related genera Actinobacillus, Haemophilus, Mannheimia and Pasteurella is very uncertain since none of these genera forms monophyletic clusters.
Reference(s): No. 13, 95, 110
Updated:2021-06-29

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