| Species/Subspecies: | Clostridium novyi | ||||||||
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| Categories: | Spore forming; motile | ||||||||
| Etymology: | Genus name: a small spindle. Species epithet: named after the American bacteriologist F.G. Novy. | ||||||||
| Significance: | [Important] | ||||||||
| Taxonomy: | Class Clostridia Order Clostridiales Family Clostridiaceae Genus Clostridium |
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| Type Strain: | ATCC 17861 = NCTC 13029. | ||||||||
| Macromorphology (smell):
| Form medium sized colonies (1-5 mm in diameter), which can easily spread as a contiuous film over the entire plate (the bacteria "swarm"). | ||||||||
| Micromorphology: | Large rods, which usually are motile. Produce oval spores, which are terminal or subterminal and may cause the cell to swell. | ||||||||
| Gram +/Gram -: | G+ | ||||||||
| Metabolism: | Anaerobic | ||||||||
| Catalase/Oxidase: | -/- | ||||||||
| Other Enzymes: | Esculinase -, lecithinase (+), tryptophanase (+). | ||||||||
| Fermentation of carbohydrates: | D-glucose ? lactose - maltose v L-rhamnose - sucrose - L-arabinose - cellobiose - D-mannitol - salicin (-) trehalose - glycerol ? inulin - raffinose - D-sorbitol - starch - |
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| Spec. Char.: | |||||||||
| Disease: | Infectious necrotic hepatitis (black disease) |
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| Hosts: | Sheep, cattle | ||||||||
| Clinical Picture: | |||||||||
| Virulence Factors: | Necrotizing α-toxin, β-toxin (lechitinase), γ-toxin (phopholipase C), δ-toxin (oxygen-labile hemolysin), ε-toxin (lipase), ζ-toxin (hemolysin), η toxin (tropomyosinase) and θ-toxin (lipase). | ||||||||
| Genome Sequence: |
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| 16S rRNA Seq.: |
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| Taxonomy/phylogeny:
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About 180 differens species have been descibed within genus Clostridium. C. novyi is very closely related (phylogenetically) to C. botulinum group III and C. haemolyticum. | ||||||||
| Comment: | Two types of C. novyi, A and B, have been defined. Both type A and B produce α-toxin, but type A also produces γ-and ε-toxin. Some strains of type A also produces δ-toxin. Type B strains produce β-, ζ- and η-toxin. Some type B strains also produce θ-toxin. | ||||||||
| Reference(s): | No. 33 | ||||||||
| Link: | Clostridia.net | ||||||||
| Updated: | 2023-03-08 |